Respiratory tract infections (RTI) is one of the most common reasons for consultation in primary care.1 It is broadly classified into upper respiratory tract infections, including sinusitis, pharyngitis, and rhinosinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections, such as community acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbations of respiratory disease. Patients commonly present with cough, sputum production, breathlessness, wheezing, and chest discomfort. Typical bacterial pathogens are frequently responsible for community acquired pneumonia, for which chest X ray remains the most useful diagnostic investigation, supported by laboratory parameters such as total leukocyte count. Management of lower respiratory tract infections often involves macrolides because of their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Upper respiratory tract infections are commonly treated with tetracycline or amoxicillin when bacterial infection is suspected. Antibiotics are specifically recommended for conditions such as streptococcal pharyngitis and acute otitis media. However, misuse of antibiotics can disrupt gut microbiota, reduce immune function and antibody production, and ultimately increase susceptibility to recurrent infections.